1/23/2024 0 Comments Mma liquid vs emafeeling in the mouth)”, is a main element of oral medication acceptability in children ( Davies 2008 Cram 20). Medication palatability, defined as “the overall appreciation of an (often oral) medicinal product in relation to its smell, taste, aftertaste and texture (i.e. Those features specific to the paediatric population can explain their poor adherence to medications, compared with adults, with an average adherence of only 50% ( Matsui 1997).įormulation‐related factors influencing oral medication acceptability in children are mainly medication palatability, medication appearance (colour, shape), required dose (volume of liquid or number of tablets to be swallowed) and dosing frequency ( Cram 2009 Salunke 20 Venables 2015). For oral medications, adherence challenges due to swallowing difficulties and low tolerance to unacceptable dosage forms are of high concern in children ( EMA 2006). A child’s refusal to take a medication, related to medication acceptability, is one of the most common reasons for non‐adherence in paediatrics ( Al‐Shammari 1995 Sunakawa 1995 Craig 2009). Medication adherence refers to the person taking the prescribed medication, according to the prescribed dosage with the prescribed schedule for the prescribed treatment duration. In parallel, selecting and developing age‐appropriate paediatric formulations that ensure success and safety of administration and adequate adherence is a critical objective for health authorities and paediatric researchers ( Nunn 2 Cram 2009 Rieder 2 Batchelor 2015 Venables 2015).Īdherence can be defined as “the extent to which a person’s behaviour corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider” ( WHO 2003). Thus, there is an urgent need for the development and assessment of effective and safe medications for children ( Standing 2005 Ivanovska 2014 Salunke 2016). Health authorities and organizations now recognise that medication use in children is a worldwide burden that cannot be addressed with the available medications that are primarily designed for use in adults ( WHO 20 EMA 20). Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) provide very limited data the most widely used medications in children are antimalarials, antibiotics and analgesics/antipyretics ( Clavenna 2009a). Other commonly used medications are respiratory drugs, analgesics, psychoanaleptics, antiepileptics, or corticoids (corticosteroids). Anti‐infective drugs, especially antibiotics, remain the most frequently prescribed medication. Epidemiological data from developed countries reveal that over a year, half of the paediatric population is prescribed medications, from a wide range of therapeutic agents, and mainly in younger children ( Clavenna 2009a Clavenna 2009b Zhang 2013). As medication use in children was historically considered to be rare and mainly limited to anti‐infective drugs, its nature and extent have only recently been investigated ( Clavenna 2009a Rieder 2010).
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